404 BC – Peloponnesian War: Lysander's Spartan Armies defeated the Athenians and the war ends.
775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate. Muslim control over Transcaucasia is solidified and its Islamization begins, while several major Armenian nakharar families lose power and their remnants flee to the Byzantine Empire.
799 – After mistreatment and disfigurement by the citizens of Rome, pope Leo III flees to the Frankish court of king Charlemagne at Paderborn for protection.
1134 – The name Zagreb was mentioned for the first time in the Felician Charter relating to the establishment of the Zagreb Bishopric around 1094.
1507 – A world map produced by German cartographer Martin Waldseemueller contained the first recorded use of the term “America,” in honor of Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci.
1607 – Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
1644 – The Chongzhen Emperor, the last Emperor of Ming Dynasty China, commits suicide during a peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng.
1707 – A coalition of England, the Netherlands and Portugal is defeated by a Franco-Spanish army at Almansa (Spain) in the War of the Spanish Succession.
1781 – The Battle of Hobkirk’s Hill is fought near Camden, South Carolina.
1792 – Highwayman Nicolas J. Pelletier becomes the first person executed by guillotine.
1792 – La Marseillaise (the French national anthem) is composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle.
1804 – The western Georgian kingdom of Imereti accepts the suzerainty of the Russian Empire.
1829 – Charles Fremantle arrives in HMS Challenger off the coast of modern-day Western Australia prior to declaring the Swan River Colony for the United Kingdom.
1846 – Thornton Affair: Open conflict begins over the disputed border of Texas, triggering the Mexican–American War.
1847 – The last survivors of the Donner Party are out of the wilderness.
1849 – The Governor General of Canada, Lord Elgin, signs the Rebellion Losses Bill, outraging Montreal's English population and triggering the Montreal Riots.
1859 – British and French engineers break ground for the Suez Canal.
1861 – The Union Army arrives to reinforce Washington, D.C. during the Civil War.
1862 – American Civil War: Forces under Union Admiral David Farragut demand the surrender of the Confederate city of New Orleans, Louisiana.
1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Marks' Mills.
1882 – Tonkin Campaign: French and Vietnamese troops clashed in Tonkin, when Commandant Henri Rivière seized the citadel of Hanoi with a small force of marine infantry.
1898 – Spanish–American War: The United States declares war on Spain.
1901 – New York becomes the first U.S. state to require automobile license plates.
1915 – World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli begins—The invasion of the Turkish Gallipoli Peninsula by Australian, British, French and New Zealand troops begins with landings at Anzac Cove and Cape Helles.
1916 – Easter Rising: The United Kingdom declares martial law in Ireland.
1916 – Anzac Day is commemorated for the first time on the first anniversary of the landing at Anzac Cove.
1920 – At the San Remo conference, the principal Allied Powers of World War I adopt a resolution to determine the allocation of Class "A" League of Nations mandates for administration of the former Ottoman-ruled lands of the Middle East.
1938 – U.S. Supreme Court delivers its opinion in Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins and overturns a century of federal common law.
1940 - Merkið, the flag of the Faroe Islands is approved by the British occupation goverment.
1943 – The Demyansk Shield for German troops in commemoration of Demyansk Pocket is instituted.
1944 – The United Negro College Fund is incorporated.
1945 – Elbe Day: United States and Soviet troops meet in Torgau along the River Elbe, uniting the Eastern and Western fronts of the war and cutting the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany in two, a milestone in the approaching end of World War II in Europe. Soldiers of the two armies met joyously and shook hands, celebrating the fact that Germany was now essentially under complete Allied control.
1945 – Liberation Day (Italy): The Nazi occupation army surrenders and leaves Northern Italy after a general partisan insurrection by the Italian resistance movement; the puppet fascist regime dissolves and Benito Mussolini is captured after trying to escape. This day was set as a public holiday to celebrate the Liberation of Italy.
1945 – Fifty nations gather in San Francisco, California to begin the United Nations Conference on International Organization.
1945 – The last German troops retreat from Finland's soil in Lapland, ending the Lapland War. Military acts of Second World War end in Finland.
1946 – Naperville train disaster kills 47 in Naperville, Illinois.
1951 – Korean War: Assaulting Chinese forces are forced to withdraw after heavy fighting with UN forces, primarily made up of Australian and Canadian troops, at the Battle of Kapyong.
1953 – Francis Crick and James D. Watson publish "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" describing the double helix structure of DNA.
1954 – The first practical solar cell is publicly demonstrated by Bell Telephone Laboratories.
1959 – The St. Lawrence Seaway, linking the North American Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean, officially opens to shipping.
1960 – The U.S. Navy submarine USS Triton completes the first submerged circumnavigation of the globe.
1961 – Robert Noyce is granted a patent for an integrated circuit.
1962 – The US Ranger spacecraft makes a crash landing on the Moon.
1965 – Teenage sniper Michael Andrew Clark kills three and wounds six others shooting from a hilltop along Highway 101 just south of Santa Maria, California.
1966 – The city of Tashkent is destroyed by a huge earthquake.
1972 – Vietnam War: Nguyen Hue Offensive: The North Vietnamese 320th Division forces 5,000 South Vietnamese troops to retreat and traps about 2,500 others northwest of Kontum.
1974 – Carnation Revolution: A leftist military coup in Portugal overthrows the fascist Estado Novo regime and establishes a democratic government.
1975 – As North Vietnamese forces close in on the South Vietnamese capital Saigon, the Australian Embassy is closed and evacuated, almost ten years to the day since the first Australian troop commitment to South Vietnam.
1981 – More than 100 workers are exposed to radiation during repairs of a nuclear power plant in Tsuruga, Japan.
1982 – Israel completes its withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula per the Camp David Accords.
1983 – American schoolgirl Samantha Smith is invited to visit the Soviet Union by its leader Yuri Andropov after he read her letter in which she expressed fears about nuclear war.
1983 – Pioneer 10 travels beyond Pluto's orbit.
1986 – Mswati III is crowned King of Swaziland, succeeding his father Sobhuza II.
1988 – In Israel, John Demjanuk is sentenced to death for war crimes committed in World War II.
1990 – Violeta Chamorro takes office as the President of Nicaragua, the first woman to hold the position.
2001 – Michele Alboreto is killed while testing an Audi R8 at the Lausitzring in Germany.
2005 – The final piece of the Obelisk of Axum is returned to Ethiopia after being stolen by the invading Italian army in 1937.
2005 – Bulgaria and Romania sign accession treaties to join the European Union.
2005 – One hundred seven people die in Amagasaki rail crash in Japan.
2007 – Boris Yeltsin's funeral: The first to be sanctioned by the Russian Orthodox Church for a head of state since the funeral of Emperor Alexander III in 1894.
2015 – Nearly 9,100 are killed after a massive 7.8 magnitude earthquake strikes Nepal.
2015 – Riots break out in Baltimore, Maryland following the death of Freddie Gray in police custody.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Mark, Evangelist. Double of the Second Class.
Contemporary Western
Giovanni Battista Piamarta
Mark the Evangelist
Philo and Agathopodes
Pope Anianus of Alexandria
Mark the Evangelist
Philo and Agathopodes
Pope Anianus of Alexandria
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Holy Apostle and Evangelist Mark, first Bishop of Alexandria (63)
Saint Anianas, second Bishop of Alexandria (86)
Martyr Nike (Nice), by the sword (303)
Hieromartyr Stephen (Stephanos II), Patriarch of Antioch (479)
Saint Macedonius II, Patriarch of Constantinople (516)
The Venebrable Eight Anchorites who were martyred by the sword
Saint Anianas, second Bishop of Alexandria (86)
Martyr Nike (Nice), by the sword (303)
Hieromartyr Stephen (Stephanos II), Patriarch of Antioch (479)
Saint Macedonius II, Patriarch of Constantinople (516)
The Venebrable Eight Anchorites who were martyred by the sword
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Martyrs Evodius, Hermogenes and Callista, in Syracuse in Sicily
Saint Phaebadius (Fiari), a Bishop of Agen in the south of France,
who succeeded in stamping out Arianism in Gaul, together
with his friend St Hilary of Poitiers (c. 392)
Saint Maughold (Macaille), a disciple of Mel who became Bishop of Croghan
in Offaly in Ireland, the patron saint of the Isle of Man (c. 489))
Saint Erminus, a monk at Lobbes Abbey in Belgium and later Abbot,
Bishop and Confessor (737)
Saint Mella, the mother of two saints, Cannech and Tigernach, who became a nun
and Abbess of Doire-Melle (Rossclogher Abbey), in County Leitrim (c. 780)
Saint Heribaldus, Monk and abbot of the monastery of St Germanus in Auxerre
in France and later bishop of the same city (c. 857)
Saint Robert of Syracuse, Abbot of a monastery in Syracuse in Sicily (c. 1000)
Saint Phaebadius (Fiari), a Bishop of Agen in the south of France,
who succeeded in stamping out Arianism in Gaul, together
with his friend St Hilary of Poitiers (c. 392)
Saint Maughold (Macaille), a disciple of Mel who became Bishop of Croghan
in Offaly in Ireland, the patron saint of the Isle of Man (c. 489))
Saint Erminus, a monk at Lobbes Abbey in Belgium and later Abbot,
Bishop and Confessor (737)
Saint Mella, the mother of two saints, Cannech and Tigernach, who became a nun
and Abbess of Doire-Melle (Rossclogher Abbey), in County Leitrim (c. 780)
Saint Heribaldus, Monk and abbot of the monastery of St Germanus in Auxerre
in France and later bishop of the same city (c. 857)
Saint Robert of Syracuse, Abbot of a monastery in Syracuse in Sicily (c. 1000)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Sylvester of Obnorsk, Abbot of Obnora Monastery (1479)
Venerable Basil, Elder of Poiana Mărului, Romania (1767)
Venerable Basil, Elder of Poiana Mărului, Romania (1767)
New Martyrs and Confessors
Hieromartyr Sergius Rokhletsov, Protopresbyter of Vologda (1938)
Other commemorations
Commemoration of the Consecration of the Church of the all-praised Apostle
Peter, located near the Cathedral of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.
Icon of the Mother of God of Constantinople (1071)
Repose of Monk Bassian the Blind, of the Kiev Caves (1827)
Repose of Elder Philotheus (Zervakos) of Paros (1980)
Peter, located near the Cathedral of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.
Icon of the Mother of God of Constantinople (1071)
Repose of Monk Bassian the Blind, of the Kiev Caves (1827)
Repose of Elder Philotheus (Zervakos) of Paros (1980)
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